Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Changes in goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 by operating segment were as follows (in thousands):
  Fleet Federal and Defense
Aviation (1)
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 63,190  $ 30,883  $ 144,053  $ 238,126 
Goodwill acquired —  608  10,019  10,627 
Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 63,190  $ 31,491  $ 154,072  $ 248,753 
Adjustments to goodwill —  84  —  84 
Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 63,190  $ 31,575  $ 154,072  $ 248,837 
(1) As of December 2022 and 2021, the Aviation segment accumulated goodwill impairment loss was $30.9 million.

Goodwill increased during the year ended December 31, 2021 in connection with acquisitions completed during the period as discussed in Note (2) "Acquisitions and Divestitures." There were no impairments of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized a $30.9 million goodwill impairment charge resulting from the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our Aviation reporting unit.

Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
  Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Intangible Assets
December 31, 2022
Contract and customer-related $ 206,291  $ (116,881) $ 89,410 
Trade names 8,670  (7,456) 1,214 
Total $ 214,961  $ (124,337) $ 90,624 
December 31, 2021      
Contract and customer-related $ 221,796  $ (116,385) $ 105,411 
Acquired technologies 12,400  (11,915) 485 
Trade names 8,670  (6,303) 2,367 
Total $ 242,866  $ (134,603) $ 108,263 

Intangible assets with a gross carrying value of 27.9 million were fully amortized during the year and are no longer reflected in the intangible asset values as of December 31, 2022. There were no impairment losses during 2022 and 2021. We recognized an impairment expense, included in goodwill and intangible impairment, of $2.8 million within the Aviation segment during the second quarter of 2020 in connection with the sale of all of the inventory of our CT Aerospace subsidiary.

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $17.6 million, $18.5 million and $17.5 million, respectively.

The estimated future annual amortization expense related to intangible assets are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,
2023 $ 13,639 
2024 10,059 
2025 9,015 
2026 8,190 
2027 6,444 
Thereafter 43,277 
Total $ 90,624