VSE Corporation Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Revenue

Revenue

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregated Revenue

Our revenues are derived from contract services performed for the United States Department of Defense ("DoD") agencies or federal civilian agencies and from the delivery of products to our customers. Our customers also include various other government agencies and commercial clients.

A summary of revenues for our operating segments by customer for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):



	Aviation		Fleet		Federal and Defense		Total
DoD	$	—	$	4,567	$	59,567	$	64,134
Other government	30		39,815		6,145		45,990
Commercial	58,050		8,822		422		67,294
	$	58,080	$	53,204	$	66,134	$	177,418

A summary of revenues for our operating segments by customer for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):



	Aviation		Fleet		Federal and Defense		Total
DoD	$	895	$	4,842	$	56,964	$	62,701
Other government	—		42,882		10,777		53,659
Commercial	48,475		3,980		1,104		53,559
	$	49,370	$	51,704	$	68,845	$	169,919

We changed our disaggregated revenue presentation by type below to better align with our operating segments. Revenues from our Aviation and Fleet segment are derived from repair and distribution services primarily through shorter term purchase orders from customers. Our Federal and Defense segment's revenue results from services provided on longer term contracts, including cost plus, fixed price and time and materials contract types. This change provides a clearer picture of the nature of each segment's contractual arrangements, how revenues derived from those contracts are affected by economic factors, and underlying performance trends impacting each segment. Additionally, the presentation is more in-line with how each segments' results are evaluated by our Chief Executive Officer in deciding how to allocate resources and evaluate performance.

The change in disaggregated revenue presentation did not result in any changes in our reported segments and had no effect on the reported results of operations.

A summary of revenues by type and operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):



	Aviation		Fleet		Federal and Defense		Total
Repair	$	32,808	$	—	$	—	$	32,808
Distribution	25,272		53,204		—		78,476
Cost Plus Contract	—		—		19,681		19,681
Fixed Price Contract	—		—		38,916		38,916
T&M Contract	—		—		7,537		7,537
Total	$	58,080	$	53,204	$	66,134	$	177,418

A summary of revenues by type and operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):



	Aviation		Fleet		Federal and Defense		Total
Repair	$	25,434	$	—	$	—	$	25,434
Distribution	23,936		51,704		—		75,640
Cost Plus Contract	—		—		27,840		27,840
Fixed Price Contract	—		—		19,867		19,867
T&M Contract	—		—		21,138		21,138
Total	$	49,370	$	51,704	$	68,845	$	169,919

Contract Balances

Billed receivables, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and contract liabilities are the results of revenue recognition, customer billing, and timing of payment receipts. Billed receivables, net, represent unconditional rights to consideration under the terms of the contract and include amounts billed and currently due from our customers. Unbilled receivables represent our right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that we have transferred to the customer prior to us having the right to payment for such goods or services. Contract liabilities are recorded when customers remit contractual cash payments in advance of us satisfying related performance obligations under contractual arrangements, including those with performance obligations to be satisfied over a period of time.

We present our unbilled receivables and contract liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. If a contract liability exists, it is netted against the unbilled receivables balance for that contract. Unbilled receivables decreased from $46.3 million at December 31, 2019 to $43.9 million at March 31, 2020, primarily due to the billing of our customers in excess of revenue recognized as performance obligations were satisfied. Contract liabilities, which are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet, decreased from $5.0 million at December 31, 2019 to $4.5 million at March 31, 2020, primarily due to revenue recognized in excess of advance payments received. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, we recognized revenue that was previously included in the beginning balance of contract liabilities of $700 thousand and $1.5 million, respectively.

Performance Obligations

Our performance obligations are satisfied either at a point in time or over time as work progresses. The majority of our revenue recognized at a point in time is for the sale of vehicle and aircraft parts in our Fleet and Aviation segments. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for approximately 43% of our revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 57% of our revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, primarily related to revenues in our Federal and Defense segment and MRO services in our Aviation segment.

As of March 31, 2020, the aggregate amount of transaction prices allocated to unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations was $201 million. Performance obligations expected to be satisfied within one year and greater than one year are 97% and 3%, respectively. We have applied the practical expedient for certain parts sales and MRO services to exclude the amount of remaining performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected term of one year or less or (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice for services performed.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was not material.