VSE Corporation Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and the instructions to SEC Form 10-Q and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. For further information refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our 2017 Form 10-K.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the financial statements include accruals for contract disallowance reserves, award fee revenues, costs to complete on fixed price contracts, and recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASC 606"), which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. ASC 606 is based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for the goods or services. ASC 606 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to fulfill a contract.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018, including the aggregate effect of modifications to such contracts through January 1, 2018. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard through an increase to the opening balance of retained earnings of $1.7 million. The primary effects of adopting ASC 606 are: (1) the timing of when we recognize revenue on our contracts with award fees, which previously was based on when we received customer authorization, changed to recognition of the award fees to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur as the related performance obligation is satisfied, resulting in revenue being recognized earlier in the contract period, (2) the timing of when we recognize revenues and costs on maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") services for aviation clients and certain fixed price delivery contracts, which changed from the date of delivery to recognition over time as control of the good or service transfers to the customer and progress is made to satisfy the performance obligation, and (3) the pattern in which we recognize revenue on certain fixed price services contracts changed from a straight-line basis over the contract period to measuring progress using input measures, such as costs incurred. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The adoption of ASC 606 also resulted in the establishment of “Unbilled receivables, net” as a separate line item on our unaudited consolidated balance sheets and reclassification of balances to this new line item from “Receivables, net.” Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on our reported financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our January 1, 2018 unaudited consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of the ASC 606 update was as follows (in thousands):



	Balance at		Adjustment for			Adjusted balance at
	December 31, 2017		ASC 606			January 1, 2018
Assets:
Receivables, net	$	55,760	$	490		$	56,250
Unbilled receivables, net	$	42,577	$	4,492		$	47,069
Inventories, net	$	132,591	$	(2,553	)	$	130,038

Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	66,015	$	(498	)	$	65,517
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	40,243	$	655		$	40,898
Deferred tax liabilities	$	19,423	$	577		$	20,000

Stockholders’ equity:
Retained earnings	$	267,902	$	1,695		$	269,597

In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements for entities adopting ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on our unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 and statement of income for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance Sheet



	As Reported		Without Adoption of ASC 606
Assets:
Unbilled receivables, net	$	35,771	$	29,341
Inventories, net	$	166,486	$	170,221

Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	36,282	$	36,282
Deferred tax liabilities	$	18,337	$	17,574

Stockholders’ equity:
Retained earnings	$	292,930	$	290,998

Statement of Income



	For the three months ended September 30, 2018				For the nine months ended September 30, 2018
	As Reported		Without Adoption of ASC 606		As Reported		Without Adoption of ASC 606
Revenues:
Products	$	85,886	$	85,625	$	264,678	$	263,094
Services	$	83,045	$	83,227	$	251,544	$	251,213

Costs and operating expenses:
Products	$	72,256	$	72,089	$	222,816	$	221,634
Services	$	77,810	$	77,810	$	239,536	$	239,536

Provision for income taxes	$	3,323	$	3,345	$	8,611	$	8,425

Net income	$	10,034	$	10,099	$	25,837	$	25,290

Significant Accounting Policies Update

Our significant accounting policies are discussed in "Note 1: Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies" of our 2017 Form 10-K. Significant changes to our policies related to revenue recognition as a result of adopting ASC 606 are discussed below:

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC 606. The unit of account in ASC 606 is a performance obligation. At the inception of each contract with a customer, we determine our performance obligations within the contract and the contract's transaction price. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is defined as the unit of account. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct. For product sales, each product sold to a customer typically represents a distinct performance obligation. Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time based on transfer of control of products and services to our customers.

Contract modifications are routine in the performance of our contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct, and therefore are accounted for as part of the existing contract.

Substantially all of our Supply Chain Management Group revenue from the sale of vehicle parts to customers is recognized at the point in time of the transfer of control to the customer. Sales returns and allowances for vehicle parts are not significant.

Our Aviation Group revenues result from the sale of aircraft parts and performance of MRO services for private and commercial aircraft owners, other aviation MRO providers, and aviation original equipment manufacturers. Our Aviation Group recognizes revenues at a point in time for the sale of aircraft parts when control is transferred to the customer, which usually occurs when the parts are shipped. Our Aviation Group recognizes revenues for MRO services over time as the services are transferred to the customer. MRO services revenue recognized is measured based on the cost-to-cost input method, as costs incurred reflect the work completed, and therefore the services transferred to date. Sales returns and allowances are not significant

Our Federal Services Group revenues result from professional and technical services, which we perform for customers on a contract basis. Revenue is recognized for performance obligations over time as we transfer the services to the customer. The three primary types of contracts used are cost-type, fixed-price and time and materials. Revenues result from work performed on these contracts by our employees and our subcontractors and from costs for materials and other work related costs allowed under our contracts.

Revenues on cost-type contracts are recorded as contract allowable costs are incurred and fees are earned. Variable consideration, typically in the form of an award fees, is included in the estimated transaction price, to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur, when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee. These estimates are based on historical award experience, anticipated performance and our best judgment based on current facts and circumstances.

Revenues on fixed-price contracts are recorded as work is performed over the period. Revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with the transfer of control to the customer. For such contracts, we estimate total costs at the inception of the contract based on our assumptions of the cost elements required to complete the associated tasks of the contract and assess the affects of the risks on our estimates of total costs to complete the contract. Our cost estimates are based on assumptions that include the complexity of the work, our employee labor costs, the cost of materials, and the performance of our subcontractors. These cost estimates are subject to change as we perform under the contract and as a result, the timing of revenues and amount of profit on a contract may change as there are changes in estimated costs to complete the contract. Such adjustments are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period we identify the changes.

Revenues for time and materials contracts are recorded based on the amount for which we have the right to invoice our customers, because the amount directly reflects the value of our work performed for the customer. Time and materials contracts are recorded on the basis of contract allowable labor hours worked multiplied by the contract defined billing rates, plus the direct costs and indirect cost burdens associated with materials and subcontract work used in performance on the contract. Generally, profits on time and materials contracts result from the difference between the cost of services performed and the contract defined billing rates for these services.